The effects of bromelain enzyme addition to high lipid and high protein diets on nutritional physiology, tissue histology and gene expression in rats

OMAR SALAH AHMED AHMED

The effects of bromelain enzyme addition to high lipid and high protein diets on nutritional physiology, tissue histology and gene expression in rats

Tezin Türü: Doktora

Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, TARIM BİLİMLERİ VE TEKNOLOJİLERİ ANABİLİM DALI, Türkiye

Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2025

Tezin Dili: İngilizce

Öğrenci: OMAR SALAH AHMED AHMED

Danışman: Yusuf Konca

Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu

Özet:

The study investigated the effects of bromelain addition to high-fat and high-protein diets on physiological and molecular in laboratory rats. In the study, a total of 25 laboratory rats (3-5 weeks old, weighing 200-220 grams) were allocated 5 treatment groups. The treatment groups as follows: T1: Control standard diet, T2: Standard diet + high-fat food (ghee) 4 g divided into 2 doses, morning and evening, T3: Standard diet + high protein food (albumin) 4 g divided into 2 doses morning and evening, T4: Standard diet + high-fat foods + bromelain enzyme 4 mg divided into two doses morning and evening and T5: Standard diet + high-protein foods + bromelain enzyme 4 mg divided into two doses morning and evening. Feeding rats with an additional 4 grams of fat and protein daily showed a highly significant body weight gain, adipose tissue accumulation, elevated liver enzymes, impaired kidney function, inflammatory responses (increased blood and white blood cell counts), platelet dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. Increased non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), gene expression of digestive enzymes (lipase, pepsin, trypsin). Bromelain addition (4 mg/day) effectively mitigated these adverse effects, improved kidney and liver function. At the molecular level, bromelain significantly increased lipase expression (427 fold compared to protein-fed rats), indicating improved fat digestion, while reducing the expression of pepsin (0.18 fold) and trypsin (0.44 fold) compared to protein-fed rats. In conclusion, bromelain has a potential therapeutic role in regulating digestion, oxidative stress, and organ health, thereby preventing metabolic, hepatic, renal, and molecular disorders resulting from diets high in fat and protein. This highlights its potential therapeutic role in regulating digestion, oxidative stress, and organ health. Keywords: High protein, High lipid, Enzymes, Bromelain, Diets, Gene expression.