Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Hydrology and Urban Water Supply, Müfit Bahadir,Andreas Haarstrick,I. Ethem Karadirek,Mehmet Emin Aydin •,Serife Yurdagül Kumcu,Amitava Bandyopadhyay, Editör, Springer Nature, Zürich, ss.239-252, 2024
Pesticides are chemicals used for agricultural, industrial,
and household purposes to increase crop yield and enhance product quality,
avoid pests, plant diseases, weeds and repel pests. Pesticides are classified
as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and rodenticides based on target pests.
Pesticides are transported to the environment through surface runoff, seepage,
evaporation, drift, biotic and abiotic processes and cause serious risks to
aquatic flora and fauna, and human health. Atrazine, metolachlor, diuron,
dimethoate, terbutryn, diazinon, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid are most
frequently detected in high concentrations in surface waters. To understand the
fate and behaviour of pesticides in the environment, 4 groups of models have
been developed: (a) field scale, (b) basin scale, (c) static or dynamic river
water quality, and (d) ecological risk assessment models. In order to protect
the environment and human health, WHO (World Health Organization), USEPA (US
Environmental Protection Agency) and EU (European Union), and individual
countries have set standards for pesticides. As many pesticides (e.g.,
organochlorides, organophosphates) are highly resistant to degradation, they
can persist in the environment and water bodies for long time. Since conventional
treatment plants are not specifically designed to remove them, pesticides that
remain in the water without treatment eventually end up in the human body.
Mostly recommended processes for effective treatment of pesticides are advanced
oxidation processes, adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, and their
hybrid combinations.