Is there deterministic, stochastic, and/or club convergence in ecological footprint indicator among G20 countries?

BİLGİLİ F., ULUCAK R.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, cilt.25, sa.35, ss.35404-35419, 2018 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 25 Sayı: 35
  • Basım Tarihi: 2018
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11356-018-3457-1
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.35404-35419
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Environmental convergence, Ecological footprint, Global environmental policies, Deterministic convergence, Stochastic convergence, Club convergence, CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE, UNIT-ROOT TESTS, DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT, CO2 EMISSIONS, ECONOMIC-GROWTH, ENERGY-CONSUMPTION, PANEL-DATA, TIME-SERIES, WATER FOOTPRINT
  • Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Ecological footprint has been widely accepted as an indicator of environmental performance in recent years since it considers carbon dioxide emissions, the collapse of fisheries, the change in land use, and deforestation. This paper investigates, if exists, the convergence in per capita ecological footprint among G20 countries by employing the annual data for the period 1961 to 2014. A bootstrap-based panel KPSS test with structural breaks and club convergence test are carried out. Eventually, this paper is expected to contribute to the literature of natural resources and ecology/environment by (1) monitoring the panel variable of ecological footprint, (2) launching stochastic and deterministic convergence analyses, and (3) estimating the club convergence parameters. In conclusion, the confirmative results in favor of environmental convergence are obtained by exhibiting the stochastic and deterministic convergences and deriving the output of merging clubs.