Sn3O4 nanoflowers as adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase microextraction of copper, cadmium, silver, and lead in water, herbs, and spices
Microchemical Journal, cilt.225, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 225
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.118089
- Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: and Silver, Cadmium, Copper, D-SPμE, Fast extraction, Food, Lead, Sn3O4 NFs, Water
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Most dispersive solid-phase microextraction (D-SPμE) adsorbents have deficiences including low selectivity, low re-usability and long extraction times. In this work, therefore, Sn3O4 nanoflowers (Sn3O4 NFs) were synthesized and characterized. Sn3O4 NFs were employed as a new adsorbent for the D-SPμE of silver, lead, copper, and cadmium from herbs, spices, and water. The parameters influencing the D-SPμE for four analytes were optimized. The optimal conditions were found to be: pH 5.0; no adsorption time required; desorption time of 30 s; and 2.0 mol L−1 HCl as the desorption agent. The relative standard deviation, preconcentration factor of the D-SPμE, and re-usability of the Sn3O4 NFs were ≤ 1.8%, 23.3, and 25, respectively. Tolerable concentrations on recoveries of analytes were 25,000 mg L−1 for K+ and 10,000 mg L−1 for Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+. The D-SPμE method was validated by three certificate reference material analyses and recovery tests in water, herbs, and spices, yielding recoveries in the range of 89%–106%. The D-SPμE offers mainly high swiftness and sensitivity. Therefore, Sn3O4 NFs can be used as a suitable adsorbent for the D-SPμE of copper, lead, cadmium, and silver in water, herbs, and spices.