Sayğan E. P., Aydemir S., Bilgili A., Sönmez O.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, cilt.31, sa.3, ss.714-724, 2025 (Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
31
Sayı:
3
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Basım Tarihi:
2025
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Doi Numarası:
10.15832/ankutbd.1475175
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Dergi Adı:
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.714-724
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Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
Recycling of post – harvest wastes, which do not have any input qualities,
to biochar is of great importance. The use of biochar increases soil quality
and crop yield. Biochars used in the study were produced from residues
of the locally grown crops: corn cob (CC), cotton stalk (CS), tobacco stalk
(TS), pistachio shells (PS), and olive pulp (pomace) (OP). The biochars
were produced via the carbonization method at 300°C. Biochar materials
were evaluated for their properties (pH, EC, total C, N, H/C ratio, C/N
ratio) and mineral concentration (Ca, Na, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B, Al,
Ni, P, Pb) before and after biochar processes. Surface morphology
properties were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The conversion of
crop biomass into biochar resulted in weight losses of between 42% and
69%. The pH of all biochars was alkaline (pH> 7). PS biochar exhibited
the highest electrical conductivity (EC: 4.54 dS m-1
) compared to other
biochar materials. Biochar total carbon levels ranged from 58.06% to
80.29%, with the highest carbon concentration found in biochar obtained
from corn cobs. In terms of total nitrogen, biochar obtained from cotton
straws had twice as much nitrogen compared to the other four biochars,
resulting in the lowest C/N ratio. H/C ratio ranged between 0.04 and 0.09.
The mineral concentration of the materials also increased following
biochar conversion. SEM micrographs showed higher porosity in CSB,
CCB, and TSB with well-structured pores, while in PSB and OMB, the
pores were not well-developed. SEM-EDX analysis of mineral elements
(e.g., K, Mg, Si, and P) showed significant results in the derived CCB. In
conclusion, this study demonstrates the diverse properties and mineral
concentration of biochars derived from various agricultural residues,
highlighting their potential for sustainable soil improvement.