A novel electrochemical sensor based on NiCaCr-LTH@Nb₂C MXene-modified GCE for the sensitive determination of the anticancer drug gilteritinib


Özata Ç. A., ERK N., Bouali W., Genc A. A., Ahmed H. E. H., SOYLAK M.

Electrochimica Acta, cilt.539, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 539
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147089
  • Dergi Adı: Electrochimica Acta
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), Gilteritinib (GLT), Green analytical chemistry, NiCaCr-LTH@Nb₂C mxene nanocomposite
  • Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal myeloid precursors in the bone marrow. Gilteritinib (GLT), a potent FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, potential drug–drug interactions, and associated toxicities, the accurate and sensitive monitoring of GLT in biological matrices is crucial for effective therapy management. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the first-time determination of GLT using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a NiCaCr-LTH@Nb₂C MXene nanocomposite. The electrode material was thoroughly characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy with FE-SEM (FE-SEM-EDX), EDX-mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Analysis, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range (0.005–11.640 µM), a low detection limit (LOD) (0.001 µM), and excellent reproducibility with RSD values below 1.5%. The developed sensor demonstrated high selectivity against common biological and pharmaceutical interferents, and was successfully applied to human plasma, urine, and pharmaceutical tablets with recoveries ranging from 99.52% to 101.48% and RSDs under 1.32%. Additionally, the method's greenness and environmental compatibility were confirmed using the AGREE, GAPI, and BAGI assessment tools.