Simulation of oral environmental conditions through artificial aging of teeth for the assessment of enamel discoloration in orthodontics.


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Irgın C.

BMC oral health, vol.24, no.1, pp.1533, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 24 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2024
  • Doi Number: 10.1186/s12903-024-05353-9
  • Journal Name: BMC oral health
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Page Numbers: pp.1533
  • Keywords: Artificial aging, Tooth color, Discoloration, Orthodontic adhesive
  • Erciyes University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Abstract

Background The clinical performance of dental materials can be predicted via artificial aging approaches. The

bracket bonding procedure may cause irreversible alterations to the enamel surface. The aim of this study was to

introduce a novel artificial aging protocol and evaluate its effect on the discoloration of both bracket-bonded and

unbonded teeth while also comparing the effects of four orthodontic adhesives on enamel color and whiteness.

Methods One hundred permanent lower incisors from humans were randomly divided into five groups, each

including 20 specimens. The lower incisor metal brackets were bonded to the teeth via four different orthodontic

adhesives (Transbond XT, Kurasper F, Bisco ORTHO, and Light Bond), and a control group was established. To simulate

the cumulative effects of aging on the oral cavity, all the samples were subjected to mechanical cyclic loading (50,000

cycles), hydrothermal cycling (10,000 cycles), or exposure to stained beverages (25 days). A colorimeter device was

used to measure the color of the teeth before and after testing. Statistical differences were calculated via one-way

analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test.

Results The combined aging protocol resulted in statistically significant and clinically unacceptable differences in

tooth color alterations and whiteness index values across all groups (p < 0.05). The control group presented the least

significant discoloration, whereas the bracket-bonded groups presented greater discoloration. Furthermore, there

were statistically significant differences among the bracket-bonded groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions The combined artificial aging protocol can be employed to simulate the macroenvironmental

conditions of the oral cavity in laboratory investigations. The composition of the orthodontic adhesive also influences

the severity of tooth discoloration.

Keywords Artificial aging, Tooth color, Discoloration, Orthodontic adhesive