A Naphthalimide-Based NIR-Emissive AIE Photosensitizer for Synergistic Apoptosis/Ferroptosis-Mediated Antitumor Therapy and Broad-Spectrum Bacterial Inactivation With Rapid Wound Healing
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/adhm.71493
- Dergi Adı: Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, EMBASE, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: aggregation-induced emission, antitumor photodynamic therapy, apoptosis, bacterial imaging, ferroptosis, plasma membrane staining, reactive oxygen species, wound healing
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) that targets both malignant cells and pathogenic bacteria is attractive yet challenging, because a single photosensitizer (PS) must combine near-infrared (NIR) emission, efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and strong membrane affinity across distinct biological envelopes. Here, we report a donor–π-bridge-engineered series of ionic naphthalimide luminogens, TPA-NIM-M, TPAV-NIM-M, and TPAPV-NIM-M, featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and a cationic membrane-anchoring motif. Among them, TPAPV-NIM-M exhibits far-red/NIR emission, high photostability, and enhanced ROS generation under white-light irradiation through both type I and type II pathways. The extended donor–π conjugation promotes photosensitization, while the ionic amphiphilic structure enables stable plasma membrane (PM) localization, strong membrane binding, and prolonged membrane retention. In cancer cells, photoactivation of TPAPV-NIM-M induces oxidative membrane damage and regulated cell death involving apoptosis and lipid-peroxidation-associated ferroptosis, while allowing real-time fluorescence tracking of membrane blebbing during apoptosis. TPAPV-NIM-M also stains both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and enables efficient photodynamic bacterial inactivation. In vivo, TPAPV-NIM-M promotes healing in an Escherichia coli-infected wound model and suppresses tumor growth under local light irradiation without apparent systemic toxicity. This work establishes ionic naphthalimide AIEgens as a powerful class of membrane-anchored theranostic agents for image-guided antitumor and antibacterial PDT with broad biomedical potential and translational promise.