Nb₂O₅@PVP as an efficient adsorbent for the dispersive micro solid phase extraction of lead (II) ions in pet food and wastewater samples

UZCAN F., Isak A. A., SOYLAK M.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol.146, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 146
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107932
  • Journal Name: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Analytical Abstracts, BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Keywords: Lead, Nb₂O₅@PVP nanocomposite, Pet foods, Solid phase extraction, Wastewater
  • Erciyes University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study introduces a new method for separating and enriching lead (II) from wastewater and pet food samples using Niobium Pentoxide-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Nb₂O₅@PVP) as a sorbent. The synthesized composite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, and FE-SEM-EDX techniques. To maximize the lead (II) recovery, the proposed technique was optimized by evaluating essential parameters and factors like pH, sample volume, adsorbent dosage, type of eluent, and concentration. The method showed significant effectiveness, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.94 µg L-1 and a preconcentration factor of 20. Real sample applications, including wastewater, pet food, and certified reference materials, confirmed the method's accuracy and reliability, with recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 103 %. Furthermore, environmental sustainability assessments using the AGREE and WAC frameworks validated the method's green and efficient attributes.