Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Food Quality, cilt.2025, sa.1, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The study examined the effects of high protein and lipid diets and bromelain enzyme supplementation on weight, liver enzymes, hematological, and lipid profiles of mice. A total of 25 male mice BALB/C with 7 weeks of age were used in the experiment. The treatment groups were as follows: (1) Control group (no addition in diet), (2) high lipid (HL, 4 g/mice), (3) high protein (HP, 4 g/mice), (4) HL + bromelain enzyme (HLB, 4 mg/mice), and (5) HP + bromelain enzyme (HPB, 4 mg/mice). Body weight gain rate of the control group was lower than the HL group, and the HLB group had a higher rate than the HPB group (p < 0.01). Liver enzyme levels were higher in the high-fat diet group, but bromelain mitigated this effect. Hematological results showed that the high-fat diet decreased platelet counts while increasing RBC, HGB, and WBC, whereas the protein diet improved platelet formation. Bromelain improved RBC and HGB levels in the high-fat diet, indicating a protective effect. Lipid analysis showed that the high-fat diet elevated harmful lipid levels, while the high-protein diet reduced some. Bromelain improved lipid profiles across both diets, suggesting cardiovascular benefits. The high-fat diet also raised creatinine and urea levels, indicative of kidney impairment, an effect exacerbated by a high-protein diet; however, bromelain supplementation reduced these levels, indicating kidney protection. The study found that high-fat diets increased oxidative stress markers, which were alleviated by bromelain. While PMN viability remained unchanged, phagocytosis rates increased with a high-protein diet and were further enhanced with bromelain in high-fat diets but not in high-protein diets. Moreover, bromelain significantly increased lipase gene expression in the high-fat diet, indicating enhanced fat metabolism, though it lowered lipase expression when combined with protein. Histological analyses illustrated severe liver and kidney damage in the high-fat diet group, marked by liver congestion and fatty degeneration, alongside renal damage, including atrophy and hemorrhage.