Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, cilt.48, sa.3, ss.84-91, 2020 (Hakemli Dergi)
The risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications increase in pregnant
women with pregestational diabetes. The intrauterine environment contributes to
fetal programming from pathways such as changes in gene expression, oxidative stress
and epigenetic modification. Fetus facing hyperglycemia during maternal period
is a challenging factor for intrauterine environment. Therefore, family
planning should be done in individuals with hyperglycemia risk, until glycemic
control is achieved in the prenatal period. In the gestational period, the
average blood glucose level should be maintained at 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and
HbA1c <6% in order to minimize fetal risks and pregnancy complications. The
effect of fetal programming is closely related to the duration of exposure to
environmental conditions in the uterus. The diabetic environment may cause
pregnancy loss, restriction of growth, increased risk of preeclampsia and
placentomegaly by causing changes in the placenta, which acts as a channel
between the mother and fetus. The aim of this review is to provide an overview
of the results of fetal programming in pregnant women with pregestational
diabetes.