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TURKIYE JEOLOJI BULTENI-GEOLOGICAL BULLETIN OF TURKEY, vol.66, no.3, pp.351-380, 2023 (ESCI)
Middle Miocene sedimentation in the sub-basins of Kosedere and Mordogan, representing the western margin of the Foca Depression, is represented by the dominantly lacustrine of Hisarcik formation, which unconformably covers the calc-alkaline volcanics (Karaburun volcanics and Foca tuff) at the end of early Miocene. The Karaburun volcanics outcropping along the boundary faults of the Middle Miocene basins are of andesite composition. Foca tuff is represented by rhyolitic ignimbrites. The Kosedere member, which represents the basin margin alluvial fan deposits of the Hisarcik formation, was deposited in front of the boundary faults of the Kosedere sub-basin. The Karabaglari member, which consists of a green claystone-siltstone assemblage deposited on the lacustrine shoreface, overlies the Kosedere member with lateral-vertical transition. The Ardic member, which is considered the lateral equivalent of the Karabaglari member in the Mordogan sub-basin, is represented by a mudstone-sandstone succession reflecting the mudflat deposition, and has yielded large mammal fossils of the late MN5 biozone. The Mordogan limestone member, reflecting the last period of Hisarcik lacustrine deposition, is transitive with the Karabaglari and Ardic members. The Esendere group deposits, which have yielded large mammal fossils of MN10-11 biozones, unconformably overlie the Hisarcik formation. The Hisarcik formation is represented in Chios Island, cesme Peninsula and Foca Depression. Keramaria and Nenita units on Chios Island, the ciftlik formation in cesme Peninsula, and Aliaga limestone in the Foca Depression can be correlated with the Hisarcik formation. Urla group deposits outcropping in the Urla basin and the Izmir Bay archipelago are the equivalent of the Hisarcik formation.