Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
BILIMNAME, cilt.48, sa.2, ss.601-625, 2022 (ESCI)
The subject of politics, in classical Islamic political thought, was discussed by philosophers, theologians and fiqh scholars. Besides, we can consider the political philosophy of Ibn Khaldun, which is based on observation and scientific data. In this way, Islamic political thought has thriven in three styles. The science of politics, in Islamic Philosophy, is begun with Farabi and followed by names, like; Amiri, Ibn Sina and Nasiruddin Tusi. Theologians and fiqh scholars have showed interest on the subject of politics and touched on the topics, such as; Leadership, justice, council and imamate, starting from the fundamental sources of religion, at the end of their works. Espicially, thoughts of Ghazali, Mawardi and Ibn Taymiyya on politics have been discussed in the world of science. In the style, put forth by Ibn Khaldun; The establishment, development and termination of states expressed not in a historical context, but on the basis of observation within the conditions of its time. Ibn Khaldun's manner is evaluated as more rational and scientific than others.Amiri was born in Nishapur at the beginning of the 10th century and got his first education from his father, Abu Zerr Muhammed b. Yusuf. Later, at the age of 18, he received his philosophy education from Ebu Zeyd Ahmet B. Sehl el-Belhi, who was a student of El-Kindi, who was accepted as the first philosopher in the history of Islamic thought. As a philosopher from Nishapur, Amiri, who was in many centers of science, improved his achievement in philosophy in this way. We estimate that there are many reasons why Amiri was interested in practical philosophy. Farabi , who became famous with the title of second teacher, had systematically found the subjects of practical philosophy, such as; morality, virtue, happiness and politics. Farabi , who named this system Ilmul-Medeni, was also a source of inspiration for many thinkers and philosophers after him. One of these names is, certainly, Amiri. The things that Amiri does not include in the name of political philosophy; Farabi , Plato, Aristotle, revelation, hadiths and persian sources. Amiri interpreted all these internal and external components without compromising the basic principles of Islam, and created a distinctive moral-politics philosophy.The 10th century Abbasid State, in which Amiri lived, lost the lands under its control, and was independent in their internal affairs and dependant on the Abbasid caliphate in foreign policy. Samani and Buwayhid States forced the Abbasid State, politically, and the Abbasids followed a policy of balance against these two. The century in which Amiri lived is the century when there was no political unity and many religious fragmentations. It is thought that Amiri inclined to the political philosophy due to these and similar reasons. Farabi , the founder of the science of Islamic philosophy and politics, offered the terminology and epistemology related to this field in his works. Amiri, who appeared as a political philosopher after Farabi , was influenced also by Farabi with regard to this field and achieved in bringing new and different terminology and epistemology to the philosophy of politics. Amiri uses terms such as; Ruler, ruled, law, city, emperor, tyrant, being happy and bringing happiness in his works. Also, Amiri, inspired by Farabi , presented the qualities of being a director.To Amiri, being a director is not a duty that everyone can do, and the director must first be a philosopher.