International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
In recent years, the producing energy through alternative ways, increasing its diversity, decarbonization and green deal's themes have been working hard by all stakeholders for the protection of our world and environment. When the manufacturing and powering an engineering application has utilized, it should be fulfilling the essential environmental and working conditions in accordance with its purpose. These conditions are among the newly studied topics for hydrogen and fuel cell applications, which have recently become popular in the energy sector. In this study, how a modeled PEM fuel cell is instantaneously affected at minus degrees (0, −5, −10,-11,-12,-13,-14,-15) is examined in “AVL Cruise M″ simulation platform. The momentary detailed evaluation under the extreme cold conditions for PEMFC has revealed the time-dependent changes of parameters such as energy, heat flow, voltage and wall temperature. Consequently, it has been observed that fuel cell temperatures, especially at −13, −14 and −15°; affect the total operation efficiency negatively and reduce the voltage value almost by 19%. Also, the future recommendations mentioned that how can be minimizing these negative effects.