Environmental Patent Intensity and CO₂ Emissions: The Roles of Education and Natural Resource Rents in Leading Green Innovator Countries
Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2026 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s13132-026-03349-0
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Knowledge Economy
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, IBZ Online, ABI/INFORM, EconLit
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Environmental innovation, Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, Natural resource rents, Patents, Schooling, Sustainable development
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This research aims to provide empirical results about the impacts of environmental innovation, economic growth, schooling, and natural resource rents on CO2 emissions for the top 10 countries (Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, and The Republic of Korea) with the highest share of environmental patents in total patents. The paper uses annual data from 2001 to 2021 and employs panel data methodologies. After detecting that the panel data set does not exhibit cross-sectional dependence, the research uses first-generation panel data methods. The paper employs three distinct estimators for coefficient estimation. The paper obtains the following findings: (i) According to all estimators, the environmental Kuznets curve dominates. (ii) Two estimators provide evidence that environmental patents and schooling decrease CO2 emissions. (iii) Natural resource rents increase CO2 emissions with regard to the findings provided by one estimator. The paper discusses these findings and presents policy proposals.