Diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular complications including an impairment of vascular function and alterations in the reactivity of blood vessels to vasoactive hormones. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to vascular dysfunction in diabetes are not fully understood. This microarray-based study was designed to identify differential gene expression between the normal and diabetic mesenteric vasculature and to investigate the effect of inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling on global gene expression in the mesenteric bed of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats Transcriptome analysis was performed in triplicate using oligonucleotide microarrays housing 10,000 rat genes on the mesenteric bed of normal. diabetic. and diabetic rats treated with AG1478, a selective inhibitor of EGFR Four weeks of diabetes led to a profound alteration in gene expression within the mesenteric bed with 1167 of the 3074 annotated genes being up-regulated and 141 genes down-regulated by at least 2-fold. The up-regulated gene ontologies included receptor tyrosine kinases. G-protein coupled receptors and ion channel activity. In particular, significant overexpressions of colipase, phospholipase A2. carboxypeptidases. and receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, erbB2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor were observed in diabetes mesenteric vasculature. A 4 week intraperitoneal treatment of diabetic animals with AG1478 (1.2 mg/kg/alt diem) beginning on the same day as STZ injection prevented up-regulation of the majority (similar to 95%) of the genes associated with STZ diabetes including those apparently "unrelated" to the known EGFR pathway without correction of hyperglycemia These results suggest that activation of EGFR signaling is a key initiating step that leads to induction of multiple signaling pathways in the development of diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Thus, therapeutic targeting of EGFR may represent a novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunction in diabetes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.