Low Velocity Impact Response of PLA/Graphene Composites Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-12, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 1 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s40799-026-00916-7
- Dergi Adı: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Applied Science & Technology Source, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Scopus, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Compendex, INSPEC
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-12
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study investigates the dynamic response and failure mechanisms of graphene reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites fabricated via fused filament fabrication (FFF) under low-velocity impact (LVI) loading. The influence of graphene concentrations, ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 wt%, on the contact stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the structures was systematically analyzed. Experimental tests were conducted at a constant energy level of 20 J using a drop-weight impact system, and the dynamic characteristics were quantitatively evaluated through contact force - time histories, force - displacement relationships, and absorbed energy evolution. The results demonstrated that graphene reinforcement significantly enhanced local contact stiffness, resulting in a substantial increase in peak contact force while simultaneously reducing contact duration. The findings indicate that 1.2 wt% graphene provided the most balanced impact response among the investigated compositions. At this concentration, the absorbed energy reached a peak of 13.81 J due to distributed microcrack initiation and stable interfacial load transfer, effectively maintaining load-bearing capacity in the post-peak region. Conversely, increasing the graphene content to 1.6 wt% induced excessive brittleness, resulting in a rapid loss of load-carrying capacity and a significant reduction in energy absorption. Damage morphology analysis corroborated these findings, showing that increased graphene content restricts plastic deformation and shifts the failure mode from matrix dominated flow to brittle crack propagation. This study provides essential data for the structural design of FFF based polymer composites intended for applications involving dynamic loading.