The 8th Congress of the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology (SBSP) and the Annual meeting of the European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC), Kobenhavn, Danimarka, 9 - 11 Ekim 2019, ss.1
When parasite evolution
follows the evolution of hosts, cophylogenies can occur. Cophylogenies are when
parasite and host phylogenies look like mirror images of each other; at every
host speciation event, the parasites have also speciated. This is typically
assumed to occur more frequently with vertically transmitted parasites (e.g.,
lice) than with vector-transmitted parasites (e.g., haemosporidian parasites).
However, analyses have often been conducted with poorly resolved phylogenies of
both hosts and parasites, bringing previous conclusions into question. Haemoproteus
parasites are blood parasites of birds that are transmitted by biting midges and
are related to human malaria parasites. They are typically more host-specific
than other related genera (e.g., Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon).
Here, we use next-generation sequencing to build a whole mitochondrial genome
phylogeny of a clade of Haemoproteus parasites of Acrocephalus
warblers. We then constructed a host phylogeny using five genes available in
the literature. We used these well resolved phylogenies to test for a
cophylogenetic signal using several statistical approaches. We found limited
evidence of a cophylogenetic relationship between the parasites and their
hosts, suggesting frequent host-shifting, likely due to the generalist biting
nature of their vectors. Our results are consistent with the idea that
vector-transmitted parasites do not speciate with their hosts. Next-generation
sequence data allow us to generate robust phylogenies, thus providing improved
statistical power when revisiting previously difficult to test hypotheses.
When parasite evolution
follows the evolution of hosts, cophylogenies can occur. Cophylogenies are when
parasite and host phylogenies look like mirror images of each other; at every
host speciation event, the parasites have also speciated. This is typically
assumed to occur more frequently with vertically transmitted parasites (e.g.,
lice) than with vector-transmitted parasites (e.g., haemosporidian parasites).
However, analyses have often been conducted with poorly resolved phylogenies of
both hosts and parasites, bringing previous conclusions into question. Haemoproteus
parasites are blood parasites of birds that are transmitted by biting midges and
are related to human malaria parasites. They are typically more host-specific
than other related genera (e.g., Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon).
Here, we use next-generation sequencing to build a whole mitochondrial genome
phylogeny of a clade of Haemoproteus parasites of Acrocephalus
warblers. We then constructed a host phylogeny using five genes available in
the literature. We used these well resolved phylogenies to test for a
cophylogenetic signal using several statistical approaches. We found limited
evidence of a cophylogenetic relationship between the parasites and their
hosts, suggesting frequent host-shifting, likely due to the generalist biting
nature of their vectors. Our results are consistent with the idea that
vector-transmitted parasites do not speciate with their hosts. Next-generation
sequence data allow us to generate robust phylogenies, thus providing improved
statistical power when revisiting previously difficult to test hypotheses.