Research Information System
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, no.113059, pp.113059-113067, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Pazopanib, one of the most commonly used drug active ingredients in cancer treatment, is a significant environmental pollutant. Therefore, analysis and monitoring of wastewaters is important. In this study, a method combining magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was developed for the determination of pazopanib in hospital wastewater samples. The aim of this presented study is to produce a new adsorbent that combines the high adsorption properties of g-C3N4 nanoparticles (NPs) with the magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 NPs for the accurate and sensitive determination of the toxic drug active ingredient pazopanib in samples with complex matrix such as hospital wastewater. The obtained g-C3N4@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite (NC) effectively prevents agglomeration and enhances the separation and preconcentration of pazopanib in hospital wastewaters prior to UPLC analysis. This nanocomposite demonstrates a promising solution for improving the detection and treatment of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater systems. The new nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Zeta potential measurement techniques. The optimum conditions were determined experimentally, sample solution pH: 8.0, amount of g-C3N4@CoFe2O4 NC: 75 mg, eluent: 2.0 mL of methanol and sample volume: 20 mL. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and relative standard deviation (RSD%) values for the MSPE-UPLC procedure were found to be 1.2 µg·L−1, 4.1 µg·L−1 and 1.5 %, respectively. The fact that recovery values ranging from 93 % to 107 % were obtained from the addition-recovery studies carried out in hospital wastewater samples proved the accuracy of the developed g-C3N4@CoFe2O4 NC-based MSPE method. The results showed that the MSPE-UPLC procedure can be used for the analysis and monitoring of pazopanib in environmental and wastewater samples.