Objective:The aim of this study is to develop scale that measures knowledge and attitude towards rational antibiotic use. 

Materials and Method:In the process of developing knowledge-attitude scales for rational antibiotic use, the five-stage scale development method presented by Cohen and Swerdlik (2009) was used. Exploratory factor analysis  (EFA) was conducted for construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis  (CFA) was conducted for scale item adequacy in the final stage. Data were collected in two stages, with 351 subjects participating in the first stage and 529 subjects in the second stage. The SPSS 21.0 program was used for the EFA of study group 1, and the LISREL 8.8 program was used for the DFA of study group 2. Data were collected in two stages and 351 people in the first stage and 529 people in the second stage participated in the research. During the development of the scales, the AFA SPSS 21.0 program made on working group 1 and DFA LISREL 8.8 package programs made onworking group 2 were used. 

Results:As  a  result  of  the  exploratory  factor  analysis,  a  preliminary  scale  consisting  of  14  items  for knowledge questions and a total of 16 items for attitude questions was formed. After confirmatory factor analysis,  the  number  of  information  questions  decreased  to  12.  The  Cronbach's  alpha  coefficient  of  the scale developed within the scope of the research was found to be 0.87 for the knowledge scale and 0.89 for the attitude scale. 

Conclusion:In  this  study,  a  scale  was  developed  to  determine  the  knowledge  and  attitudes  of  adults towards  rational  antibiotic  use.  The  scale  consists  of  a  total  of  28  items,  12  items  about  antibiotic knowledge and 16 items about antibiotic attitude, and item 4 from knowledge questions and item 7,item 12 and item 13 from attitude questions are reverse scored.