Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
12. Biyomalzeme Günleri, Kayseri, Türkiye, 5 - 06 Aralık 2025, ss.18, (Özet Bildiri)
The mitral valve plays a fundamental role in maintaining effective cardiac function by regulating blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle. Advanced mitral valve diseases, including stenosis and regurgitation, may result in heart failure, arrhythmias, and impaired quality of life. Although valve repair is the preferred surgical option, valve replacement becomes necessary when repair is not feasible. Mechanical and bioprosthetic prostheses represent the primary replacement choices, each offering distinct structural and clinical characteristics. This study examines mechanical and bioprosthetic mitral valves in terms of their design features, durability, clinical outcomes, thromboembolic risk, reoperation rates, mortality, and quality-of-life results. Mechanical valves, typically constructed from pyrolytic carbon, titanium, or stainless steel and designed as bileaflet, tilting-disc, or ball-and-cage systems, demonstrate high durability with a lifespan exceeding 25 years and a structural failure rate of less than 1%. However, their requirement for lifelong anticoagulation due to a 2–4% annual thromboembolic risk constitutes a significant limitation, particularly in older patients. Bioprosthetic valves—derived from porcine, bovine, or human tissue and treated with glutaraldehyde—offer the advantages of reduced thrombogenicity and minimal anticoagulation requirements. Despite these benefits, their durability is limited to 10–20 years, with structural degeneration and reoperation risk increasing substantially after 10–15 years, especially in younger individuals. New-generation bovine pericardial valves show improved performance; nevertheless, mechanical prostheses remain superior in long-term structural integrity. Overall, the findings underscore that mitral valve selection must be individualized, taking into account patient age, life expectancy, comorbidities, bleeding risk, and anticoagulation tolerance. Advances in transcatheter mitral valve replacement, biomaterials, and tissue engineering are expected to enhance the longevity of bioprosthetic valves and may facilitate the development of hybrid valve technologies combining the strengths of both prosthesis types.