The Bethe lattice with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in an external magnetic field: Two atoms per site

Albayrak E.

PHYSICS LETTERS A, cilt.558, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Kısa Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 558
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130894
  • Dergi Adı: PHYSICS LETTERS A
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Philosopher's Index, zbMATH, DIALNET, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Molecule, Spin, Ising model, Bethe lattice, Recursion relations, Phase diagram
  • Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The Ising model with two atoms per site is constructed on the Bethe lattice (BL) and studied under the effects of three different bilinear exchange interaction parameters, either ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM), between various spins and an external magnetic field with the coordination number of q = 4. In order to account for the antiferromagnetic phases, the BL is divided into two sublattices. This method has produced new critical phenomena that are not seen in the typical Ising models of one spin per site, i.e., the tricritical point (TCP), reentrant behavior, first-order phase transition and a new FM phase. The number of characterizing system parameters increases as the number of spins at each BL site increases, offering a more thorough examination of the model and more specific information. Therefore, this approach is very important, since its implications with many more spins at each site of the BL by the use of artificial intelligence applications may be easily carried out, possibly offering further critical phenomena.