Effervescent-Assisted Magnetic Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Bisphenol A from Environmental Waters Using Fe3O4@Zein Bionanocomposite Prior to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination
Analytical Letters, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1080/00032719.2026.2709660
- Dergi Adı: Analytical Letters
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bisphenol A, effervescent tablet, Fe3O4, HPLC-UV, nanocomposite, nanoparticles, zein
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The monitoring of endocrine disruptors in environmental systems is crucial for assessing the risks posed by these persistent and biologically active pollutants. Among them, bisphenol A (BPA) stands out as one of the most prevalent, with a high propensity to leach from polycarbonate plastics into both freshwater and marine ecosystems, thereby raising significant ecological and public health concerns. Developing sensitive, reliable, and environmentally friendly analytical methods for BPA detection is therefore a priority in environmental science and analytical chemistry. To this end, we developed a cost-effective, effervescent-assisted magnetic sorbent nanocomposite by integrating zein, a biodegradable corn-derived biopolymer, with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for the extraction, preconcentration, and quantification of BPA in water samples. The structural and morphological characteristics of the Fe3O4@zein nanocomposite were confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Key operational parameters, including initial solution pH, sorbent dosage (in effervescent tablet form), ionic strength, and the type and volume of desorption solvent, were systematically optimized to maximize extraction efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the developed Fe3O4@zein-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method achieved a high enrichment factor (35.4), a low detection limit of 8 µg·L−1, and a broad linear range of 25–500 µg·L−1, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25 µg·L−1, and excellent precision (relative standard deviation, RSD = 1.1% (n = 5)). Validation using real water samples (mineral water, Daria Hotel water, and Sina Hospital water) yielded excellent spiked recoveries (98.88%-102.73%), unequivocally proving the Fe3O4@zein nanocomposite’s efficacy as a powerful sorbent for the preconcentration and accurate determination of BPA in complex environmental matrices.