Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
1.International 6. Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Congress, Kayseri, Türkiye, 4 - 07 Eylül 2019, ss.214-223
Nanotechnology plays a crucial part in the detection, diagnosis, and
treatment of a wide variety of human diseases including cancer. The recent
decades have witnessed a rapid development of nanocarriers as drug delivery
system. Using nanocarriers have several pharmacokinetics and safety profiles in
addition to the increased bioavailability of the entrapped molecules. However,
there are several obstacles in attaining the goal of successful clinical
translation of nanocarrier-based drug delivery system because of the safety,
stability and delivery efficiency of nanocarriers. In this scenario, exosome
could be an excellent alternative to conventional drug delivery agents. Exosomes
are bi-layered nanovesicles of 40-100 nm diameter and contain different
bioactive molecules including microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA fragments, and proteins.
Exosomes are actively released by healthy cells in the extracellular matrix and
can be taken up by the surrounding or distant cells. Due to their inherent
ability to carry bioactive molecules, exosomes emerged as a versatile drug
vehicle and have attracted the attention of many researchers. The most impressive
characteristics of exosomes are nanosized, non-immunogenic due to similar
composition as body’s own cells, high biocompatibility, readily bioavailable,
ability to penetrate biological barriers, and encapsulation of various cargo
which significantly distinguish them from other conventional nanocarriers. It
is important to note that recently exosome-based nanocarriers containing small
drug molecules and bioactive macromolecules have been developed for the
treatment of several prevalent diseases such as cancer, central nervous system
disorders, and other degenerative diseases. Nanocarriers based on exosomes have
enormous prospects in overcoming several difficulties faced in gene and drug
delivery. This article will briefly highlight the advancement as well as the
challenges of exosome-based nanocarriers as drug delivery system. In addition,
it will also discuss the future perspectives of exosome-based drug delivery
system. Special attention will be placed on the exosomal biogenesis, release
mechanisms, and advantages of using exosomes containing special cargo, as a
drug delivery system, in treating obstinate diseases. The aim is to offer new
insights for exploring exosomes in the emerging field of drug delivery.