The effect of sodium and niobium co-doping on electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Patat S., Rahman S., KILIÇ DOKAN F.

IONICS, cilt.28, sa.7, ss.3177-3185, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 28 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11581-022-04579-3
  • Dergi Adı: IONICS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.3177-3185
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Li-ion battery, Li4Ti5O12, Na and Nb co-doping, Solid-state reaction, DOPED LI4TI5O12, RATE CAPABILITY, MICROSPHERES, NANOSHEETS, CONDUCTIVITY
  • Erciyes Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Na+- and Nb5+-co-doped Li3.98Na0.02Ti4.98Nb0.02O12 (NaNbLTO), the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, is synthesized by simple solid-state reaction route at 850 degrees C for 12 h. Na+ is introduced into the main structure to expand the lattice, while Nb5+ increases the electronic conductivity through the reduction of some of Ti4+ ions to Ti-3. The anode material is explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and electric conductivity measurements. XRD patterns and FESEM images demonstrates that Na+ and Nb5+ co-doping do not alter the cubic spinel structure, the morphology, and the particle size of the Li4Ti5O12. Electric conductivity measurements reveal that the Na+- and Nb5+-co-doped NaNbLTO exhibits a higher electronic conductivity than the un-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), Na+-doped Li3.98Na0.02Ti5O12 (NaLTO) and Nb5+ -doped Li4Ti4.98Nb0.02O12 (NbLTO). It is found that the discharge capacity of NaNbLTO is higher than those of the un-doped LTO, Na+-doped NaLTO, and Nb5+ -doped NbLTO at 0.1 C, 0.5 C, and 1.0 C current rates, which demonstrates the considerable synergic effect of Nb5+ and Na+ co-doping on improving the electrochemical performances of LTO. As evidence, NaNbLTO is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.